Remains the same: proton pumping rate, electron transport rate, rate of oxygen uptake
Decreases or goes to zero: Rate of ATP synthesis, size of the proton gradient
<span>(Gramicidin causes membranes to become very leaky to protons, so that a proton gradient cannot be maintained and ATP synthesis stops. However, the leakiness of the membrane has no effect on the ability of electron transport to pump protons. Thus, the rates of proton pumping, electron transport, and oxygen uptake remain unchanged.)</span>
Answer:
Answered below.
Explanation:
The fossil records are beneficial in giving us. wide range of knowledge about fossils but sometimes these records are flawed, in that they are incomplete or misleading.
Many of the fossil records available are incomplete because some animals tend to decay within a short period of time due to their soft tissue. Also some are destroyed due to the movement of tectonic plates over time.
Another flaw scientists encounter is that there are no fossils which illustrate or represent the orderly transition from one organism to another. Fossils generally do not support the Darwinian theory of evolution as no evidence is found of ordered, sequential transition from simple to complex life forms as postulated.
These flaws are significant because they influence our knowledge and understanding of life forms and evolution.
F. b and c only the Sun is closer to the horizon <span> the Sun’s light is spread and diluted more</span>
<h3>
<u>Appropriate</u><u> </u><u>Answer</u><u>:</u></h3>
Nucleus is the control centre of the cell and manages all the cellular activities taking place inside the cell. It consists of four parts :-
- Nuclear membrane,
- Nucleoplasm,
- Chromatin material and
- Nucleolus.
The Chromatin material(Condensed - Chromosome) stores the cell's DNA which is transmitted to next generation.
Answer:
Protein synthesis.
Explanation:
Shiga toxin is expressed by the genome of the lamboid prophages. Diphtheria toxin is a type of toxin that causes diphtheria in the individual.
The shiga and diphtheria toxin are proves to be harmful in the humans and causes harmful disease. Both these toxins inhibit the protein synthesis or translation of the host cell. The inhibition of protein synthesis causes drastic harmful effects in the individual.
Thus, the answer is protein synthesis.
