Answer:
Gastrovascular Cavity
Explanation:
Hydra is commonly found in freshwater ponds and ditches as solitary organisms, in underside of aquatic leaves and lily pads in cool,clean freshwater pools and streams. It has a *Cylindrical body shape*.
Hydra possesses an internal body cavity, the *Gastrovascular cavity *,lined by gastrodermis and has a single opening,the mouth,which serves as an anus.
The Gastrovascular cavity of Hydra is a site for *digestion and nutrient distribution*,and also serves as anus.
1. Regulation of glucose blood levels is an example of negative feedback mechanism.
Negative feedback mechanism is a control mechanism involved in homeostasis maintain, in this case maintenance of glucose blood levels in normal range.
Negative feedback mechanism contains sensory system that detects the changes, control system that responds to change and activates mechanisms of effector system that reverse the changes in order to restore conditions to their normal levels.
• Pancreatic cells-sensors
• Insulin-control system
• Body cells- effector cells
2. Blood glucose levels change throughout the day because of the food consumption, but in healthy individuals levels of glucose are successfully regulated via the mechanism of hormones such as insulin and glucagon in a process called glucose blood regulation.
This tight regulation of pancreatic hormones is referred to as glucose homeostasis. Insulin lowers blood sugar and glucagon raises it.
3. If the beta cells are destroyed by an autoimmune disease (immune system attacks its own cells), there would be no insulin release, and consequently, the glucose blood levels would be increased.
Diabetes type I is a metabolic disorder caused by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells.
Answer:
a. inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that converts cAMP to AMP.
Explanation:
The phosphodiesterases are a group of enzymes that are capable of breaking phosphodiester bonds such as those between nucleotides in nucleic acids. The Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger involved in intracellular signaling pathways. This molecule (cAMP) is hydrolyzed by the cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase, which catalyzes the enzymatic breakdown of phosphodiester bonds (i.e., hydrolyzing cAMP to 5-AMP). The cAMP levels are modulated by the balance between its generation and the degradation via cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
Answer:
.I do not have an answer for this
Answer:
This trend suggests that although the ESA does effectively protect habitat, it doesn't protect all parts of a species' range equally. Rather, the Endangered Species Act provides unique and more effective protection for habitat that happens to be on federal land.
Explanation:
