The right option is D. vector-borne
Diseases carried from person to person through other hosts, such as animals or insects, are known as vector- borne diseases.
Vector-borne diseases are infectious diseases transmitted between humans or from animals to humans through the bite of infected hosts such as animals or insects. Most of these hosts are arthropod vectors which are bloodsucking insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, triatomine bugs, sandflies, and blackflies. Examples of vector-borne diseases include West Nile fever which is transmitted through the bite of an infected Culex mosquito, Leishmaniasis which is transmitted through the bite of an infected female sandfly and Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) which is transmitted by ticks.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Question: Impulses originating in the part of the brain called the medulla would most directly affect which body structure?
a. A leg muscle
b. A ligament
c. An arm bone
d. The heart
Answer:
d. The heart
Explanation:
The medulla oblongata contains a number of reflex centers for regulating vital body functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and vasoconstriction. The medulla contains several nuclei, a collection of neuronal cell bodies.
For example, impulses originated in the cardiovascular center regulates the rate and force of the heartbeat and the diameter of blood vessels. Impulses from the cardiovascular center flow along sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. An increase in sympathetic stimulation from the cardiovascular center of medulla increases heart rate and contractility while a decrease in sympathetic stimulation decreases heart rate and contractility.
Answer:
A. If the aerobic pathway—cellular respiration—cannot meet the energy demand, then the anaerobic pathway—lactic acid fermentation—starts up, resulting in lactic acid buildup and "oxygen debt."
C. After about 90 seconds of intense exercise, the muscles become depleted of oxygen, and anaerobic respiration can no longer function to produce ATP, resulting in "oxygen debt."
Explanation:
There are two sources of carbohydrates in the human's body for energy (ATP) production. 1) Creatine phosphate and 2) Glycogen. Creatine phosphate metabolizes easily and yields ATP quickly. Whereas glycogen is stored form of carbohydrate which yields energy more slowly. Therefore, initially, our bodies use creatine phosphate and then shift to glycogen. Within 60-90 seconds, the creatinine phosphate in the body is mostly utilized and then energy is produced by the use of glycogen in aerobic pathway. During areobic pathway, oxygen supply is sufficient and per cycle, it produces 32 molecules of ATP. However, when oxygen supply is limited or absent, the body will metabolize glycogen to lactic acid via fermentation and produce only 2 molecules of ATP.
Now consider the example: Kenny hikes all day at a steady pace therefore the supply of oxygen is sufficient for aerobic cellular respiration for ATP production. In this scenario, the oxygen debt is minimal and Kenny relies on aerobic respiration pathway to obtain energy. On the other hand, Janelle runs fast (100 meters in 13.5 seconds) and her cellular respiration would be on the compense of aerobic pathway initially which will be shifted to anaerobic pathway after the supply of oxygen is reduced/minimum. Janelle will heavily rely on the anaerobic pathway because running fast needs energy which cannot be provided via aerobic pathway easily. Therefore, Janelle's body will produce lactic acid and suffer from oxygen debt.
Answer:
Dominant sporophyte generation and microscopic gametophyte within sporophyte.
Explanation:
The sporophyte is the dominant generation, but multicellular male and female gametophytes which are microscopic in nature with the female gametophyte made up of few cells being buried in the tissues of the sporophyte and the male gametophyte, the pollen grain, being carried from plant to plant by wind, water, or animals. these are all produced within the flowers of the sporophyte.
