Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells - Boundless
https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/cell-structure-4/eukaryotic-cells-60/characteristics-of-eukaryotic-cells-313-11446/
Like a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. However, unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have: a membrane-bound nucleus. numerous membrane-bound organelles (including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria)
Answer:
a. The directionality of the complementary strand is antiparallel. The double-stranded DNA is antiparallel comprising two strands, which run alongside each other, however, point in reverse directions. In a double-stranded molecule of DNA, the 5 prime ends of one strand align with the 3 prime ends of the other strand, and vice versa.
b. The mediation of base pairing is done by non-covalent hydrogen bonds. It is reversible, that is, the strands can separate and can come combined again without any chemical modification.
The specificity of base pairing is illustrated by hydrogen bonds that is, the first strand produces hydrogen bonds only with a particular base in the second strand, and these two bases produce a base-pair.
c. The interaction or association of non-covalent type, that is, hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Collectively, they both are strong. In the process, one base associate with the other base on the complementary strand.
d. The phosphate backbone possesses the tendency to associate with water on the outside of the molecule, and this is favorable chemically as both the strands are held together by hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction.
The polar molecules of sugar can produce hydrogen bonds with the surrounding molecules of water. The negatively charged phosphate group associate with the positively charged ions. The nonpolar nitrogen bases are found within the molecule and associate favorably through stacking interactions.
Hey there!
What you're looking for is spores.
Liverworts, mosses, and hornworts are non-vascular plants the reproduce by forming spores. They are basically little cells that multiply in order to reproduce.
I hope this helps! (:
Know -
Transmitted through droplets
Has a range of side effects (loss of taste and smell, fever, etc)
People can be asymptomatic
Wonder -
When will we be able to return to semi-normal life?
Will we have to take a shot every year (similar to the flu?)
Why do some coronavirus patients become long-haulers who have recurring symptoms for many months?
Learned -
The mechanics of mask-wearing
How an individual can help their society as a whole
Many members of the population are hesitant to listen to scientists
