The first great civilizations in the history of humanity were born alongside great rivers. The Indus river culture was one of the first civilizations that emerged, and it did it in the valley of the Indus and Ganges rivers. This culture flourished around the year 3300 BC in what today is the North-West of India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, following the Indus river. It encompassed near a hundred settlements and two large cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Like other ancient civilizations it depended mainly on the river. Specifically, Indus and Ganges rivers helped to develop this culture chiefly for two reasons.
First, like the Nile river in Egypt the Indus river overflowed every year flooding large regions and depositing fertile sediments which gave an immense agricultural power that was the basis of the development of these societies. This productive agriculture allowed a surplus of resources and, therefore, permitted the population to increase at a large rate as never before.
Second, the economic surplus gave place to the exchange of goods between the diverse settlements that were located alongside the river, which was used as a way to transport these commercial goods. This way, the Indus river became a sophisticated commercial network that shaped this ancient civilization.
One example of public policy that was based on Darwinian thought is that of eugenics. Eugenics is the idea of trying to improve the genetic quality of a population by not allowing the reproduction of certain groups, and encouraging the reproduction of others. Although the concept of eugenics predates Darwin, it gained scientific support after his theory of evolution.
The concept is heavily disputed. Moreover, it carries negative associations due to its identification with the policies of Nazi Germany. However, eugenics was influential in a variety of regimes during the 20th century. In America, this was embodied in the American Eugenics Society, founded in 1922.
The election was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1860. ... The election of Lincoln served as the primary catalyst of the American Civil War. The United States had become increasingly divided during the 1850s over sectional disagreements, especially regarding the extension of slavery into the territories.
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