Depends on where you’re talking about. For example in Europe, Christopher Columbus was funded money after asking Queen Isabella. He told her about all the he would bring back to the country. So using that information, they would most likely request funding from royalty or people of high social classes.
I would go with option c. more
As most women have confessed that in their early years they were sexually abused in one way or another
There's no defined Primary mission, but really they're the replacement (along with NATO) to the League of Nations formed after WW1. The UN try to maintain world peace and stop terrorism. In many ways, you could call them a world police.
All of the above basically everything in and on earth