Answer:
strengths are it's simple and easily understood and limitations is that it cant maintain simplicity if it's more descriptive
Answer:
The correct insulin pathway is described as under:
2. Binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor
8. Activation of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase
3. Phosphorylation of IRS proteins
6. Phosphorylation of phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K)
4. Conversion of PIP2 to PIP3
7. Activation of PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1)
5. Glut4 receptors transported to the cell membrane
Explanation:
The insulin signaling pathway is described as under:
RTK (receptor tyrosine kinases) which is a receptor for insulin is an extracellular receptor but in contrast to other cell surface receptors it is catalytic in nature. In the absence of insulin (ligand), it is monomeric but as soon as it gets activated (activation occurs upon ligand binding), it undergo dimerization. It leads to auto-phosphorylation in it's tyrosine residue which subsequently leads to phosphorylation of tyrosine residue of other receptors. Such hyper-phosphorylated receptor have high affinity with enzyme/molecule like IRS protein which have SH2 domain . IRS down stream activates phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K). This enzyme converts component of animal cell membrane PIP2 into PIP3. PIP3 also remains membrane bound but it has the potential to phosphorylate another enzyme named as PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1). Further, PDK1 leads to the activation of Akt or PK-B. Akt is a serine-threonine kinase which ultimately leads to the recruitment of Glut4 receptors on cell membrane for uptake of more and more glucose into the cell.
Note: Apart from this Akt also phosphorylates another protein named as FOXO which ultimately causes cell growth, Akt can also phosphorylate BAD protein so as to restrict cell apoptosis or we can say it leads to cell survival, Akt also leads to translation in a cell with the help of mTOR raptor etc.
Answer:
Sarcomere
Explanation:
A myofibril or muscle fiber under an electron microscope shows alternate light band and dark bands. These bands give the skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle a striated appearance. The light band is called the I- band or isotropic band, and the dark band is known as A- band or anisotropic band. In the center of the I-band Z-line is present. It is discovered from a German term Zwischenscheibe (between the disc). The portion of myofibril between one Z-line to the next Z-line is called sarcomere.
Answer
tac tag gct tac tcg cgg cta ttc gtc atc
Explanation:
Answer:
"Energy flows in one direction, matter recycles."
Explanation:
Matter "returns" to the environment by the deutucators. Energy comes from the sun and is transmitted to higher trophic structures.
