The DNA molecule is composed of two long complementary chains of nucleotides. The complementary DNA sequence of CGTA is GCAT.
The DNA molecule is composed of two antiparallel strands of nucleotides linked together by hydrogen bonds.
In DNA, there are four types of nucleotides, each containing one different nitrogenous base (i.e., Adenine, Guanine, Cytocine and Thymine).
In RNA, Thymine bases are replaced by Uracil bases.
According to the base pair rules, Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), whereas Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G).
In conclusion, the complementary DNA sequence of CGTA is GCAT.
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Answer: Nuclear fusion
Reasoning: most of a stars life is in the main sequence phase. This is the phase where nuclear fusion turns hydrogen into helium.
Answer:
A. Natural killer (NK) cells are activated in response to interferons or macrophage and Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and allows direct apoptosis of virus.
Viruses can invade NK cells by inhibiting MHC from reaching the cell surface. Using stimulating the inhibitory receptors and disrupting the activating receptors, viruses can avoid NK cells. MHC act as a ligand of inhibitory receptor, and when bind with inhibitory receptor allows damage to NK cells.
So, if i would be a virus i will use inhibitory receptors stimulation to avoid NK cells.
B. Bacteria are killed by phagocytic immune cell macrophages by engulfing them.
Bacteria avoid macrophages by escaping from phagosome before the lysosome fuses as lysosomal chemical kill the bacteria and some bacteria prevent acidification of the phagosome.
C. Parasites can avoid macrophages by modulating the host's cell cytoskeleton to block proper phagocytosis.
D. Bacteria can avoid dendritic cells by avoiding lysosomal degradation and prevent antigen presentation on MHC molecules that will modulate the entrance to DCs.
E. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies. Activation of B-cell depends on positive and negative signals transmitted through the B-cell receptor (BCR), so genetic polymorphisms and mutations affects the positive and negative signals. If mutation is done showing negative signal, B cell will not the activate and no antibodies will produce.
Answer:
RNA splicing
Explanation:
RNA splicing is the mechanism by which messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) are processed to generate mature mRNA transcripts in eukaryotic genomes. During RNA splicing, the non-coding regions of the pre-mRNA sequence (i.e., introns) are removed, while coding regions (i.e., exons) are joined together. In consequence, the resulting mature mRNA is shorter than the pre-mRNA. RNA splicing reactions are catalyzed by the spliceosome, an RNA-protein complex that removes introns from the pre-mRNA. After RNA splicing, the mature mRNA is used as template to produce a specific amino acid sequence, where triplets of RNA nucleotides (codons) in the mRNA are used to assemble specific amino acids in order to form a protein.
Catalysts lower the Activation energy for reactions. The lower the activation energy for a reaction,the faster the rate. Thus enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy. Many enzymes change shape when substrate ms bind.
