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By 1900 the United States had overtaken Britain in manufacturing, producing 24 percent of the world's output. After 1870 both Russia and Japan were forced by losing wars to abolish their feudal systems and to compete in the industrializing world.
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Africa
Even as late as the 1870s, European states still controlled only 10% of the African continent; by WWI, Europe controlled 90% of Africa. Prior to the Berlin Conference of 1884, which formalized the “Scramble for Africa,” colonies had been formed throughout Africa on a smaller scale.
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