Answer:
Let's recall Mendel's law of independent assortment that states, "During the formation of gametes, alleles of genes assort independently into each gamete"
How can the random distribution of alleles result in a predictable ratio?
For example, We have a trait for flower color either yellow or white, and the alleles for the flower color are Y and y. The yellow flower color is a dominant trait, and be expressed if plant has YY or Yy genotype. We cross a plant with genotype Yy with another plant Yy.
P1 Yy x Yy
F1 YY : Yy: Yy: yy
Phenotype Yellow: yellow: yellow: white
Genotypic ratio 1 : 2 : 1
Phenotypic ratio 3 : 1
So, we see that phenotypic ratio is different from genotypic ratio. Although the distribution of alleles is random but still there are only four possible outcomes for a trait. Hence, we can predict the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of offspring by drawing a punnet square or gamete formation.
Well there is not much to go off of, but I am very confident the answer would be studying fossil records,
Answer:
Step 1: oxidation of Pyruvate to CO2
Step 2: Reduction of NAD+ to NADH
Step 3: Reduction of FAD to FADH2
The NAD+ and FAD are electron carriers needed during this process
A Diagram is attached for easy comprehension
egg and sperm cells have 23 chromosomes EACH
The mom would give 23
And the dad would give 23
23 + 23
46
