Kuls are diversion channels that carry water from a glacier to village. Often spanning long distances, with some over 10 km long, kuls have been around for centuries. They are the lifeline of people of Spiti valley of Himachal Pradesh and in Jammu too.
Kul starts at the glacier, which is to be tapped. Keeping the head clear of debris is achieved by lining the sides of Kul with stones which ensure that there is no seepage or clogging. The Kul leads to the village where the water is stored in a circular water tank. The water is drawn from here are per the need of the village.
Explanation:
Here is a list of some of the traditional water conservation methods that are still in use:
The subscript is the amount of atoms in each molecule and the coefficient is the amount of molecules. there are 4 Hydrogen, 2 Sulfur, and 8 Oxygen in this particular substance.
The exit temperature of the Nitrogen would be 331.4 K.
The area at the exit of the diffuser would be .
The rate of entropy production would be 0.
Explanation:
First it is assumed that the diffuser works as a isentropic device. A isentropic device is such that the entropy at the inlet is equal that the entropy T the exit.
It will be used the subscript <em>1 for the</em> <em>inlet conditions of the nitrogen</em>, and the subscript <em>2 for the exit conditions of the nitrogen</em>.
It will be called: <em>v</em> the velocity of the nitrogen stream, <em>T</em> the nitrogen temperature, <em>V</em> the volumetric flow of the specific stream, <em>A</em> the area at the inlet or exit of the diffuser and, <em>P</em> the pressure of the nitrogen flow.
It is known that <em>for a fluid flowing, its volumetric flow is obtain as:</em> ,
Then for the inlet of the diffuser:
For an ideal gas working in an isentropic process, it follows that: where each variable is defined according with what was presented in step 2 and 3, and <em>k </em>is the heat values relationship, 1.4 for nitrogen.
Then <em>solving</em> for , the temperature of the nitrogen at the exit conditions: then,
Also, for an ideal gas working in an isentropic process, it follows that: , where each variable is defined according with what was presented in step 2 and 3, and <em>k</em> is the heat values relationship, 1.4 for nitrogen.
Then <em>solving</em> for the volumetric flow at the exit of the diffuser: .
Knowing that , it is possible to calculate the area at the exit of the diffuser, using the relationship presented in step 4, and solving for the required parameter: .
<em>To determine the rate of entropy production in the diffuser,</em> it is required to do a second law balance (entropy balance) in the control volume of the device. This balance is: , where: and are the entropy of the stream entering and leaving the control volume respectively, is the rate of entropy production and, is the change of entropy of the system.
If the diffuser is operating at stable state is assumed then . Applying the entropy balance and solving the rate of entropy generation: .
Finally, it was assume that the process is isentropic, it is: , then .
A: as the liquid gets warmer more particles have sufficient energy to escape from the liquid. Eventually, particles in the middle of the liquid form bubbles of gas in the liquid.
A: the temperature will only increase once all the liquid particles change to gas.
.
,
where each variable is defined according with what was presented in step 2 and 3, and <em>k </em>is the heat values relationship, 1.4 for nitrogen.
, the temperature of the nitrogen at the exit conditions:
then,
, where each variable is defined according with what was presented in step 2 and 3, and <em>k</em> is the heat values relationship, 1.4 for nitrogen.
the volumetric flow at the exit of the diffuser:
.
, it is possible to calculate the area at the exit of the diffuser, using the relationship presented in step 4, and solving for the required parameter:
.
, where:
and
are the entropy of the stream entering and leaving the control volume respectively,
is the rate of entropy production and,
is the change of entropy of the system.
. Applying the entropy balance and solving the rate of entropy generation:
.
, then
.