Answer:
a) The pH of the solution is 12.13.
b) The pH of the solution is 12.17.
Explanation:
Ionic product of water =
![K_w=[H^+][OH^-]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_w%3D%5BH%5E%2B%5D%5BOH%5E-%5D)
![1.01\times 10^-{14}=[H^+][OH^-]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1.01%5Ctimes%2010%5E-%7B14%7D%3D%5BH%5E%2B%5D%5BOH%5E-%5D)
Taking negative logarithm on both sides:
![-\log[1.01\times 10^-{14}]=(-\log [H^+])+(-\log [OH^-])](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=-%5Clog%5B1.01%5Ctimes%2010%5E-%7B14%7D%5D%3D%28-%5Clog%20%5BH%5E%2B%5D%29%2B%28-%5Clog%20%5BOH%5E-%5D%29)
The pH is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration in solution.
The pOH is the negative logarithm of hydroxide ion concentration in solution.

a)
of NaOH.
Concentration of hydroxide ions:

So, ![[OH^-]=1\times [NaOH]=1\times 1.39\times 10^{-2} M=1.39\times 10^{-2} M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BOH%5E-%5D%3D1%5Ctimes%20%5BNaOH%5D%3D1%5Ctimes%201.39%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-2%7D%20M%3D1.39%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-2%7D%20M)
![pOH=-\log[1.39\times 10^{-2} M]=1.86](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pOH%3D-%5Clog%5B1.39%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-2%7D%20M%5D%3D1.86)


pH=13.99-1.86=12.13
b)
of NaOH.
Concentration of hydroxide ions:

So, ![[OH^-]=3\times [Al(OH)_3]=3\times 0.0051 M=0.0153 M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BOH%5E-%5D%3D3%5Ctimes%20%5BAl%28OH%29_3%5D%3D3%5Ctimes%200.0051%20M%3D0.0153%20M)
![pOH=-\log[0.0153 M]=1.82](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pOH%3D-%5Clog%5B0.0153%20M%5D%3D1.82)


pH=13.99-1.82=12.17
Answer:
A.) Atoms contain electrons
Explanation:
J.J. Thomson conducted an experiment in which he took a gas at low pressure in a discharge tube and applied high voltage current. When he did so, he noticed that there are some particles emitting from cathode going towards the anode. <u>Then he concluded that they are negatively charged particles and coined them electrons.</u>
<u>Hence, out of the options:- A.) Atoms contain electrons is correct.</u>
In the context of multivalent ions, it is when it has multiple oxidative states.
Depression of a freezing point of the solutions depends on the number of particles of the solute in the solution.
1 mol of C6H12O6 after dissolving in water still be 1 mol, because C6H12O6 does no dissociate in water.
1 mol of C2H5OH after dissolving in water still be 1 mol, because C2H5OH does no dissociate in water.
1 mol of NaCl after dissolving in water gives 2 mol of particles (ions), because NaCl is a strong electrolyte(as salt) and completely dissociates in water.
NaCl ----->Na⁺ + Cl⁻
1 mol of CH3COOH after dissolving in water gives more than 1 mol but less than 2 moles, because CH3COOH is a weak electrolyte (weak acid) and dissociates only partially.
So, most particles of the solute is going to be in the solution of NaCl,
so<span> the lowest freezing point has the aqueous solution of NaCl.</span>