Answer:
Social Benefit / Positive Externality
Explanation:
Each economic transaction has benefits & costs to society.
Eg: Vaccinations purchase by patients- benefits patients by preventing them from a disease for which they pays monetary cost to the doctor, which is latter's income benefit.
However, these both are patient's & doctor's private benefit & costs.
Externalities imply extra harm or benefit to other un-indulged parties, without any monetary exchange for that harm or benefit. Socially Beneficial are positive externalities, Socially harming are negative externalities.
Eg - In this case, vaccination is the positive externality : It has extra benefit for other people who are less probable to transmitting illness, without having paid for that prevention in any way.
But, Individual consumers (here patients) & producers (here doctors) decisions are based on their private benefit & cost. So, consumers' (here patients') willingness to pay will depend only on their private benefit of disease prevention & ignore the extra social benefit from the positive externality vaccination - as society less illness probability.
<span>Excess browning at the edges, ice formation at the bottoms of the containers, and are indicators of thawing and refreezing. While in standard at-home practice of refreezing thawed fish is acceptable, it is not during shipping because it is impossible to tell how long the fish were kept out of a cold environment and may transmit disease (plus, visible damage to the fish decreases salability).</span>
Answer:
a. Compare the mean tensile strengths at the 95% confidence level.
Explanation:
Answer and Explanation:
a. The computation of price (expressed as a percentage of the face value) is shown below:-
Price = Face value ÷ (1 + Yield to maturity)^Number of the compounding period
= $1,000 ÷ (1 + 0.0323)^1
= $1,000 ÷ 1.0323
= $968.71
Price expected as a percentage to a face value = Price ÷ Face value × 100
= $968.71 ÷ $1,000 × 100
= 96.87%
b. The computation of credit spread of AAA-rated corporate bonds is shown below:-
Credit spread = Yield of AAA-rated corporate bond - Yield of treasury bond
= 3.23% - 3.15%
= 0.08%
c. The computation of credit spread on B-rated corporate bonds is shown below:-
Credit spread = Yield of B-rated corporate bond - Yeld of treasury bond
= 4.94% - 3.15%
= 1.79%
d. The credit rating for a bond changes with its respective credit risk change. That implies the bond 's rating would be lower the lower risk, and likewise.
The investor is demanding higher returns on risky bonds for additional risk-taking. Hence the credit spread is widening as the rating of bonds falls with an increase in the risk.
Net operating income equals (unit sales - unit sales to break even) × unit contribution margin.
What is net operating income?
Real estate professionals utilize the metric known as Net Operating Income, or NOI, to swiftly determine the profitability of a certain venture. After deducting required operational costs, NOI calculates the revenue and profitability of investment real estate property.
Is net operating income the same as profit?
After all, costs have been deducted, operating profit displays a company's earnings, excluding the cost of debt, taxes, and some one-time expenses. Contrarily, net income is the profit that is still left over after all expenses made during the time have been deducted from sales revenue.
Learn more about net operating income: brainly.com/question/14103167
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