In 1962 Sir McFarland Burnett stated, ‘By the end of the Second World War it was possible to say that almost all of the major practical problems of dealing with infectious disease had been solved.’ At that time, his statement was logical. Control and prevention measures had decreased the incidence of many infectious diseases, and with the ability to continue to identify new antibiotics, to handle new problems, and the ongoing development of appropriate vaccines, his statement appeared to be appropriate.
In the US, similar feelings were expressed and funding for infectious disease fellowships began to decline with federal resources being directed elsewhere.
The history of the world is intertwined with the impact that infectious diseases have had on populations. Evidence of smallpox has been found in 3000-year-old Egyptian mummies. Egyptian papyrus paintings depict infectious diseases such as poliomyelitis. Hippocrates wrote about the spread of disease by means of airs, water, and places, and made an association between climate, diet, and living conditions. Investigators described miasmas as the source of infections. Fracastoro discussed the germ theory in the 1500s and three routes of contagion were proposed—direct contact, fomites, and contagion from a distance (airborne). Epidemics of leprosy, plague, syphilis, smallpox, cholera, yellow fever, typhoid fever, and other infectious diseases were the norm.
The development of the microscope by Leeuwenhoek in the 1600s allowed scientists to visualize micro-organisms for the first time. The 1800s brought knowledge of the cultivation and identification of micro-organisms. Vaccines were developed and used which introduced specific methods to our storehouse of measures for control and prevention. Pasteurization was another important contribution to disease control. An appreciation of the environment and its relationship to infectious diseases resulted in implementation of broad control measures such as community sanitation, personal hygiene, and public health education. The importance of nutrition was appreciated for its impact on infectious diseases.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration is an association that ensures a healthy and secure working atmosphere for employees and provides instruction, training and service.
The element that are directly associated with individual roll is:
<u><em>Agendas for education and training</em></u>
The role can be elucidated as:
- Worker participation and management of leadership are the other two roles of individuals apart from training and education.
- The seven elements according to OSHA are:
1) Identification and Review of Dangers
2) Education and Training Activities
3) Deterrence and Control of Menace
4) Administration of Contractors
5) Staffer Participation
6) Administration Leadership
7) Evaluation and Progress
- The most suitable role for individual participation is training and education programs. As they support the workers to learn all about the safety regulations and preventions.
Therefore, education and training is personal role.
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Vaping devices are battery powered and have coils in the system to heat up liquid of flavors people want to smoke. They are devices for people who want to quit smoking or some more “safely” than other forms of tobacco or drugs they bring all different tastes you feel like you are almost eating something. It produced vapor not smoke that’s why it’s called vaping there is no second hand smoke and there is no nicotine addiction it’s just as addictive as sugar and no popcorn lungs can be gotten either it’s all myths (that came from popcorn factories) not smoking big tobacco and big Pharma lost tons of money to the vaping Industry that’s why it’s so bad for you
