I think it is e because A dependent clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb. It does not express a complete thought so it is not a sentence and can't stand alone.
Answer:
Precontemplation.
Explanation:
The Stages of Change Model or the Trans-theoretical Model was theorized by DiClemente and Prochaska. This theory was theorized to examine the experiences of smokers who decide to quit smoking on their own.
There are six stages of Change model:
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Determination
- Action
- Maintenance
- Termination.
In the given question, Gina is at the first stage of Change Model, i.e., Precontemplation.
In this stage, the smoker does not have any desire to change, at least in the period of next six months. They do not find their behaviours problematic and do not tend to discuss on the topic.
So, the correct answer is Precontemplation.
