Answer: <u><em>Stimulus Substitution</em></u>
Explanation: In Pavlov experiments, when a neutral stimulus becomes conditioned paired together with an other unconditioned stimulus. And also called stimulus substitution because it can replace the first one with the new stimulus. Pavlov did many experiments about the stimulus, and changed a lot.
Answer:
The correct answer would be option D, Because of the nature of digital signals are immune to noise and imperfections.
Explanation:
Analog signals are the signals which changes over time. Analog signals consists of continuous waves, where as a digital signal is a discrete wave which transfers data in the form of 0 and 1, which is called the binary form.
Analog signals are subjected to deterioration while transmitting data from one point to another, whereas digital signals are immune to noise and imperfections. Digital signals have noise immunity and less susceptibility to interference caused by noise during the transmission of data.
An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) that varies with the income or profits (taxable income) of the taxpayer. Details vary widely by jurisdiction.
Answer: The practitioners are not part of a cluster.
Explanation: A cluster is a group of things or people that share similar characteristics. In practitioner's case they come from different states, counties, cities, and houses of worship (professing a different religion) so they have nothing in common.
The answer is a trans-radiation
