Answer:
Anaphase 1 occurs when the nuclei begin surrounding chromosomes on either end of the pole.
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In eukaryotes, ribosomes become associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes when a signal sequence from the RNA is given. <span>In the cytoplasm, ribsomal RNA (rRNA), a type of RNA, and protein
combine to form a nucleoprotein called a ribosome. The ribosome serves as
the site and carries the enzymes necessary for protein synthesis. They are
often takes the shape of small round particles attached in the endoplasmic
reticulum. The ribosome attaches itself to m-RNA and provides the stabilizing
structure to hold all substances in position as the protein is synthesized. An example of a eukaryote is the protists. </span>Protists belong to the group eukaryotes (having their DNA enclosed
inside the nucleus). They are not plants, animals or fungi but they act like
one. They can be in general subgroups such as unicellular algae, protozoa and
molds. They thrive in environments with little sunlight.
A statistic used in the fields of breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population.
Answer:
Spermatozoa: 23 chromatids
Ootid: 23 chromatids
Anaphase of mitosis: 92 chromatids
Oogonium prior to S phase: 46 chromatids
Explanation:
1) Spermatozoa, also known as sperm cell is a haploid gamete (n) that results from the meiotic division of a dipoid reproductive cell. Since there are 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes in human somatic cells, there will be 23 chromosomes in the spermatozoa. Also, meiotic division occurs twice and separates sister chromatids in meiosis II. Hence, spermatozoa will contain 23 chromosomes (n) with 1 chromosome each i.e. 23 chromatids
2) Ootid is a haploid cell that arises from the second meiotic division of a secondary oocyte. A primary oocyte, with 46 chromosomes/92 chromatids, undergoes meiosis I to produce secondary oocyte with 23 chromosome/46 chromatids, which in turn undergoes meiosis II to produce ootid with 23 chromosomes/23 chromatids (each chromatid is an individual chromosome).
3) Mitosis is the cell division that produces two identical diploid (2n) daughter cells. Note that, 46 chromosomes get replicated to form 92 chromatids. In the anaphase stage of mitosis, sister chromatids get pulled apart to opposite poles but still remain in the cell as cytokinesis is yet to occur.
4) Oogonium is the diploid (2n) cell that gives rise to primary oocyte via mitosis. Prior to the S phase where chromosomes replication occurs, Oogonium cell will contain 46 chromosomes and 46 chromatids.
