Developments in European culture fuelled by the Renaissance.
- Changes in the Christian religion fuelled by German Martin Luther.
- The race begins between Christian Europeans to find new trade routes to China for silk and Indonesia for spices as the Muslim Ottomans block the Mediterranean sea to all Christian shipping.English and other European Explorers.
500 years ago the English started exploring the world in sailing ships. (This was the first step to England creating a world wide empire.) The catalyst to explore at this time was the blockade of the Mediterranean sea in 1448 by the Islamic Ottoman (Turks) thus closing access to the only known trade route to the east (India and China.)
Answer:
Social: ancient civilizations were very hierarchical, organized in castes. Social mobility was very difficult, this means that if a person was born poor, it was very unlikely for this person to become wealthy later in life.
Political: most ancient civilizations were monarchies, or dictatorships. Republics were essentially non-existant. That is to say that they were ruled by a single powerful man like a pharaoh, or a few people, who had no almost no limits to their power, and who were not elected by the people. Power was instead, hereditary.
Economic: all of these civilizations had an economy that was based on agriculture, because agriculture was the activity that allowed civilization to emerge in first place. The most valauble resource was land, and land was often monopolized by a few powerful individuals, the same people who had political power.
<span>Although we see these values, we must also recognize the tremendous double standard between genders at play here. That Homer never reproaches Odysseus for his extracurricular romances but condemns the unfaithful women in the poem recalls Calypso’s angry statement about the double standard for immortals: male gods are allowed to take mortal lovers, while female goddesses are not. Likewise, men such as Odysseus have some freedom to "wander" sexually during their geographical wanderings -- so long as they are ultimately faithful to their home -- while Penelope and the other women in The Odyssey are chastised for their lack of chastity. Indeed, Odysseus does remain true to Penelope in his heart, and his desire to reunite with her drives his faithful journey. Fidelity is also central at the end of the poem, when Odysseus tests the loyalties of his servants and punishes those who have betrayed him.</span>
this website should help
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Cape_of_Good_Hope
