4 to the second power = 16. that leaves us with 16 - 2 ( 3 x 5 + 1). next, multiply 3 x 5 = 15. that leaves us with 16 - 2 ( 15 + 1 ). next, add 15 + 1 = 16. that leaves us with 16 - 2 ( 16 ). next, multiply 2 ( 16 ) = 32. finally, subtract 16 - 32 = -16
