A singularity did.
A singularity is an infinitely small and infinitely dense point of matter from which the universe came. The big bang theory suggests that the big bang was like a balloon inflating from that infinitely tiny point into the universe we know today. There is plenty of evidence about this.
A bladder containing 400 - 500 ml of urine is referred to as functional capacity.
Urine is defined as excess liquid waste products of metabolism in human as well as other animals. The kidneys filter nitrogen rich human metabolism byproducts such as urea and creatinine from blood, then transport it to the ureters, then the urine is excreted from the body via urethra. In order for micturition (a process of excretion of urine from the bladder) to happen, the bladder must maintain a functional capacity at a level of 400 - 500 ml of urine stored inside it, after which the excess level of liquid will be excreted from the body.
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This layer is C. Membrane. A cell or plasma membrane regulates what substances enter and what does not by controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Passive immunity because animals are passive.
