Answer:
<u>THEORY X</u> managers subscribe to the traditional view of direction and control of subordinates, who they see as indolent and lazy, whereas <u>THEORY Y</u> managers naturally take the opposite view of workers, seeing them as willing and eager to be productive.
Explanation:
Douglas McGregor developed the theory X and Y management models in the late 1950s.
Theory X managers have a fairly negative view of their employees (and probably humanity as a whole), and they consider them lazy, with very little personal ambition and motivation, and that they work only for their paycheck. They believe that strict supervision and a system of rewards and payments is the best management model.
On the other hand, theory Y managers have a much more positive view of their employees (and humanity as a whole), they consider them responsible, capable of making good decisions, are internally motivated to work better, and not just because they want to earn a paycheck. They emphasis on job satisfaction and less supervision.
Answer:
The double-exempt bond is the preferred investment because it has a higher after-tax return Tax benefit .
Explanation:
Calculatation of the after-tax return on both bonds
1)The double-exempt bond does not pay state or federal income taxes.
After-tax return =
Before-tax return = 4.9%
2)The tax-exempt bond is the state income taxes, but not federal in which the states can decide whether to tax their bonds or not.
Interest Income (100,000 * 5%) 5,000
Less: State taxes at 10% (5,000* 10%) (500)
Tax benefit from deduction of state taxes on federal return (500 * 35%) 175
After-tax Income 4,675
After-tax return = 4,675/100,000 = 4.675%
Therefore the double-exempt bond is the preferred investment because it has a higher after-tax return Tax benefit .
Hence the state income tax will be deductible on Juan’s federal tax return and Juan’s federal taxable income will be lower or lesser by $500 which will produces tax savings at his federal marginal tax rate of $500 * 35% = $175.
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