At the base of each food chain, there are producers, namely autotrophic organisms, ie capable of organizing the chemical compounds in the soil (or water), so as to independently produce food reserves (sugars, starch). This process can be achieved by using the energy provided by photosynthesis. The producers are the only living things that can convert solar energy (light energy + thermal energy) into chemical energy (binding energy).
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Maintaining constant water and salt concentration (osmoregulation), keeping a constant temperature of the body and excreting waste substances.
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Nutrients are grouped into macronutrients and micronutrients. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats and water are macronutrients, and vitamins and minerals are micronutrients. Although most foods are mixtures of nutrients, many of them contain a lot of one nutrient and a little of the other nutrients.There are six major nutrients: Carbohydrates (CHO), Lipids (fats), Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water.
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In the earliest stages of development, all four organisms have a knobby head, gill slits, and a tail. These similarities tell us that all four of these organisms have a common ancestor.
This separation of the DNA from the protein synthesis machinery provides eukaryotic cells with more intricate regulatory control over the production of proteins and their RNA intermediates. In contrast, the DNA of prokaryotic cells is distributed loosely around the cytoplasm, along with the protein synthesis machinery.