"In republics, citizens have less direct control over government. ... (c) Why do some people hold that the United States is more properly called a republic rather than a democracy? In a Democracy there is no need for a Constitution, since the majority can simply change Law at a whim."
From google
Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia
4 degrees
Explanation:
Relatively steeper than the shelf, the slope angles down to the ocean basin at an average of 4 degrees in some areas, the angle may be as much as 25 degrees.