Building techniques improved, iron became more common, and hydraulics were used to dig riverbeds deeper. So less floods happened that destroyed farms and endangered lives.
Answer: Hobbes believed people were naturally selfish and violent.
<u>Further explanation</u>:
Both English philosophers believed there is a "social contract" -- that governments are formed by the will of the people. But their theories on why people want to live under governments were very different.
Thomas Hobbes published his political theory in <em>Leviathan </em> in 1651, following the chaos and destruction of the English Civil War. He saw human beings as naturally suspicious of one another, in competition with each other, and evil toward one another as a result. Forming a government meant giving up personal liberty, but gaining security against what would otherwise be a situation of every person at war with every other person.
John Locke published his <em>Two Treatises on Civil Government </em>in 1690, following the mostly peaceful transition of government power that was the Glorious Revolution in England. Locke believed people are born as blank slates--with no preexisting knowledge or moral leanings. Experience then guides them to the knowledge and the best form of life, and they choose to form governments to make life and society better.
In teaching the difference between Hobbes and Locke, I've often put it this way. If society were playground basketball, Hobbes believed you must have a referee who sets and enforces rules, or else the players will eventually get into heated arguments and bloody fights with one another, because people get nasty in competition that way. Locke believed you could have an enjoyable game of playground basketball without a referee, but a referee makes the game better because then any disputes that come up between players have a fair way of being resolved. Of course, Hobbes and Locke never actually wrote about basketball -- a game not invented until 1891 in America by James Naismith. But it's just an illustration I've used to try to show the difference of ideas between Hobbes and Locke. :-)
All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
Republican motherhood
Republican motherhood became the new role for women following the American Revolution. This gave women a specific place in society which gave them the duty to have American children and raise them morally and with good civic values.
Though this may seem like a slight to women when some wanted rights in particular the right to vote, it was a privilege for many women. This duty gave women their role in society that men could not intrude on or take away. The two genders were given very specific and separate roles for the new society. Men were responsible for making money and establishing an economy in addition to participating in government. Women were expected to take care of social and cultural concerns in particular raising children and teaching them morality, reading, writing, and civics. This role was critical to maintaining and continuing the revolutionary ideas and spirit. It would be women who taught and carried on the identity associated with Americanism.
