There are many ways in which you can rewrite this sentence in order to make it correct, but the bottom line is that the verb began is incorrect here.
So, here are some examples:
<span>The Boston Massacre and the repeal of taxes under the Townshend Acts resulted in/led to/provoked/gave rise to huge protests across the colonies. </span>
Churchill was an effective leader and statesman because of his tremendous ability to inspire people; his unique strategic insight; his relentless passion; and his imperturbable personality.
Answer:
The military-industrial-university complex during the cold war was a form of informal alliance between the government, the academic world and the industries (usually privately owned industries). The alliance was supported by the government, that played the major role of financing the production of military hardware and its consumption.
The most beneficial change in engineering practice was that new production methods, and new technologies were discovered in the rush to create the most sophisticated military weapons. One of the areas that benefited from this alliance is the aviation industry; that saw the development of super-fast jets and radar and night vision technologies. Some of these technologies have found their ways into civilian usage.
The least beneficial change was that most government spending was channeled into the development of military technology, suppressing the development of other civilian technologies and production techniques. Some companies that were not related to the military were not able to access the results of some research in the academic world, as they were classified until the cold war tension came to an end.
As the European conquest of Africa unfolded, Portugal played the role of catalyst rather than leader. Hampered by its small size and weakened by several centuries of European warfare, Portugal was the smallest and poorest of Europe's imperial powers by the end of the 19th century. As a result, it was unable to hold on to everything that it claimed, but by playing off the major powers (England, France and Germany) against each other, Portugal managed to expand the territory that it actually controlled by the end of the "Scramble for Africa."
