Answer:
An electrochemical Gradient
Explanation:
During the translation of mRNA to protein, the nascent polypeptide chain that is formed is not yet a functional protein right after translation. The polypeptide must then undergo another series of processing and packaging and may even need another protein(s) to completely form a functional moiety. Generally, for this a mix of chaperones may be needed to complete the protein synthesis pathway.
They have a cell membrane, they contain cytoplasm and can replicate themselves through the manner of mitosis.
Photorespiration limits casualty products of light reactions
that build up in the absence of the Calvin cycle. In many plants,
photorespiration is a problem because on a hot, dry day it can drain as much as
50% of the carbon fixed by the Calvin cycle. The closing of stomata reduces access to CO2
and causes O2 to build up. These conditions favor a seemingly not useful process
called photorespiration. In most plants
(C3 plants), initial fixation of CO2, via rubisco, forms a three-carbon
compound. In photorespiration, rubisco
adds O2 instead of CO2 in the Calvin cycle. Photorespiration eats up O2 and
organic fuel and releases CO2 without producing ATP or sugar. Photorespiration
can evolve relic because rubisco first evolved at a time when the atmosphere
had far less O2 and more CO2.
Une théorie change avec les avancées scientifiques, les avancements culturels et les changements de point de vue de la société.
