Amateurs who cash bad checks because of some financial crisis but have little identification with a criminal subculture are called naive check forger. Forgery is defined by general or common law as the fraudulent execution of a legal document, which entails liability.
The term "naive forgery" was created to describe forgeries carried out by people with no prior criminal history and no prior contact or interaction with offenders. It is intended to exclude forgeries that are committed as a byproduct of other crimes and forgeries that are either the initial or later stages of a criminal career. Forgeries of the kinds that have been eradicated sometimes occur when criminals enter a business office and discover a drawer full of checks, which they frequently — and foolishly — cash.
The forgeries produced by embezzlers and occasionally by con artists are also excluded, mostly because they serve as a byproduct or a secondary method of committing their crimes. The fact that the embezzler was in a position of trust further sets him apart from the forger. On the grounds that it unnecessarily restricts the range of crimes and hence lessens the effectiveness of our generalisations, the legitimacy of how we define the class of forgeries about which we attempt to generalise may be questioned. The nature of the prior records of individuals found guilty of forgery will provide the answer to any such question we may have.
Learn more about Liability here brainly.com/question/14921529
#SPJ4
Answer:
$0.70 per stock
Explanation:
before tax corporate income = $2.50 per stock
after tax corporate income = $2.50 x (1 - 30%) = $1.75 per stock
distributed dividends = $1.75 x 50% = $0.875 per stock
since the tax rate on dividends is 20%, then the after tax gain earned by stockholders is $0.875 x (1 - 20%) = $0.70 per stock
Some dividends are taxed as long term capital gains (like these), which decreases the tax rate paid by stockholders. If they were taxed at the normal income rate, the tax rate would have been 8% higher.
<span>health insurance
retirement savings</span>
They are consumers but they can also sometimes be producers
Like toys r us it failed because they always had low costs and low profits from their toys.
