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My name is Ann [436]
2 years ago
6

How do the specific characteristics of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen enable the

Biology
1 answer:
earnstyle [38]2 years ago
3 0
Carbon makes four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds, allowing carbon atoms to form multiple stable bonds with other small atoms, including hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. This allows carbon atoms to form a tremendous variety of very large and complex molecules.
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How does texting and driving relate to the nervous system
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Your nervous system could be damaged in a car accident due to texting
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As a result of worldwide human population growth, many countries are exploring the use of alternative energy sources. One
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Answer:

A.  Nuclear reactors increase thermal pollution

Explanation:

From the analogy provided in this context, we can vividly see that the author is suggesting that the use of nuclear energy causes thermal pollution.

  • Nuclear energy is an alternate energy source as identified in the text.
  • Since a huge amount of heat energy is generated and they are not all used up, they are released into the ecosystem.
  • The earth is usually depicted as heat reservoir.
  • Increased release of heat to the environment will cause thermal pollution.
  • This increases the ambient temperature of water and degrades it.
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What are tumor cells<br> ?
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Tumor cells are cells that divide relentlessly, forming solid tumors or flooding the blood with abnormal cells.
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Jonathon tests four people that were present during a shooting incidence. He notes that there is gunshot residue on all but two
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The answer is choice D.
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2 years ago
E. coli DNA polymerase III is both highly accurate and highly processive. a) Describe how Pol III avoids the incorporation of im
kogti [31]

Answer/Explanation:

DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for replicating DNA. It is hugely important that is performs its functions accurately, as if incorrect bases are incorporated this can lead to mutations that disrupt the structure and function of genes. It adds nucleotides in a 5' - 3' direction only.

DNA polymerase III also has high processivity, which means that for every time it binds DNA, it is able to add many bases before it becomes dissociated.

A. DNA polymerase avoids the incorporation of improperly paired nucleotides in two ways:

  • The first way depends on the structure of the enzyme. If the nucleotide that the enzyme is in the process of adding is not complementary to the template, then the nucleotide will not align with the template, and thus it is more inefficient to add. This inefficiency means the nucleotide is more likely to leave the active site before it is added, and DNA polymerase can replace it with the correct nucleotide.
  • It also has proofreading capabilities. This means, when an incorrect base is added, it recognises the error and can fix this. It can do this because it possesses 3'-5' exonuclease activity. That means, it can chop out incorrectly added bases.

B. Ribonucleotides are the nucleotides that are incorporated into a growing RNA molecule. They are different from deoxyribonucleotides because of the differences in the sugar backbone (ribose vs deoxyribose). Their incorporation would disrupt the structure and function of the DNA, leading to problems with transcription and replication.

DNA polymerase avoids incorporating these nucleotides primarily because of the structure of the enzyme. Ribonucleotides cannot fit into the active site of DNA polymerase due to what is called a "steric filter" or "steric gate". This gate/filter function is performed by specific amino acid residues which usually have a bulky side chain and thus block the incorporation of the 2'OH of the ribose sugar (which is lacking in the deoxyribose sugar)

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