Diversity is produced by mutation, it is what causes life to have advantages or disadvantages, and thus allow survival of the fittest to choose which mutation is the best suited for it's environment.
1. These four factors can effect ways evolution occur:
<span>1.) Mutation
2.) selection
3.) Gene Flow
4.) Genetic Drift
2. </span>In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
Selection, in biology, the preferential survival and reproduction or preferential elimination of individuals with certain genotypes by means of natural or artificial controlling factors.
In population genetics, gene flow is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.
<span>Genetic drift is the change in the frequency of a gene variant in a population due to random sampling of organisms. </span>
Answer:
a. parasitism:
The parasite benefits by harming the host e.g hookworms and humans
b. commensalism
In this association, one species benefits while the other is unaffected (its not harm and dies not benefit) e.g. epiphytic orchids and trees
c. mutualism
Here, both species benefit as seen in rumen bacteria and cows
Explanation:
Parasitism = +/- relationship
The predator benefits by harming the host. E.g. hookworms and humans. The hookworm (parasite) eat man blood while man (host) loses blood to it.
Commensalism = +/0 relationship
One specie(s) benefits while the other specie(s) neither benefits nor is harmed. E.g. epiphytic orchids live on tree branches or tree trunks as it's habitat or shelter while the trees neither benefits nor is harmed
Mutualism = +/+ relationship
Both organisms benefit in this relationship. E.g. rumen microbes aids grass digestion in cows, while the microbes benefit as it obtain steady food or nutrient from the cow
Scientists worked backwards by looking into the amino acid sequence to determine the DNA base. They started with the mRNA which transcribes the codon into respective amino acids. This human gene is found on top of chromosome 11 in human DNA.
Phosphorus is usually a limiting factor or element.
<h3>Is phosphorus a limiting element or factor?</h3>
Phosphorus is usually considered a limiting factor or nutrient in aquatic ecosystems, meaning that the available quantity of this nutrient controls the pace at which algae and aquatic plants are produced.
In other words, phosphorus is a limiting nutrient for aquatic organisms. Its supply is usually small compared to available aquatic organisms.
Thus, Phosphorus is usually a limiting factor or element.
Learn more about phosphorus here: brainly.com/question/1357744
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