<span>Parents can pass on chromosomes to their children that are different than their own when the new gene combinations are created by crossing over. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes is known as crossing over which occurs in meiosis. When homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange different segments of the genetic material. As the result, a new combination of genes will be formed. If there was not crossing over, all genes on a chromosome would be inherited together.</span>
Invertebrate doesn't posses "Backbone" whereas Vertebrate chordate have that. That's the only & most important difference between them.
Hope this helps!
Can you please take a picture of the question. Because I don’t understand it in this format
Polar because it always is below 32 degrees and has no rainfall
