I) Locus- the chromosomal site where a specific gene is located. A locus is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker. Each chromosome carries ,many genes; human's estimated haploid (n) protein coding genes are about 20,000, on the 23 different chromosomes.
ii) Interference; the observed double crossover frequency differs from the expected double crossover frequency. Cross over interference is used to refer to the non-random placement of crossovers with respect to each other during meiosis. It results in widely spaced crossovers along chromosomes. Interference may exert its effect across whole chromosomes. As chromosomes in many eukaryotes are large, interference must be able to act over megabase lengths of DNA.
iii) Linkage- the tendency for genes located in close proximity on the same chromosome to be inherited together. Normally when two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked. Whereas genes located on different chromosomes assort independently and have a recombination frequency of 50%, linked genes have a recombination frequency that is less than 50%.
iv) Recombination- the process by which a new pattern of alleles on a chromosome is generated. Genetic recombination is the production of offspring with combinations f traits that differ from those found in either parent. During meiosis in eukaryotes, genetic recombination involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes. This may be followed by information transfer between the chromosomes.
Answer:
A) Engulf the bacteria.
Explanation:
Invasins are basically enzymes (protiens) which act to damage the host cells locally. As E.Coli and Salmonella are the invasive bacteria , they need to invade the body cells in order to causes infection . It is involved in pathogenesis. So as the enter the body they release invasins ,bind to host cells and cause them to engulf the bacteria which is then carried to the desired location and cause disease.
Hence a) Engulf the bacteria is the right option
Our planet's magnetic field<span> is believed to be generated deep down in the Earth's core. ... This flow of liquid iron generates electric currents, which in turn produce </span>magnetic fields<span>.</span>
Answer: Protein molecules are made through the transcription of a DNA strand into an mRNA strand and the translation of the mRNA into a protein. Transcription takes place in the nucleus of the cell while translation takes place in the ribosome.
Explanation: Transcription is a process of copying the genetic message encoded in a DNA strand into a messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is the first step in protein synthesis and takes place in the nucleus. It is catalyzed by an enzyme known as RNA polymerase. The synthesized mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the ribosome where translation occurs. During translation, the mRNA passes through the ribosome complex three nucleotides at a time where the codon is read and the corresponding amino acid coded for is fetched and attached to the peptide chain by the transfer RNA (tRNA). Translation starts when the ribosome encounters the start or initiation codon on the mRNA molecule. The start codon is AUG and it codes for methionine. Translation stops when the ribosome encounters the stop or termination codon. There are three termination codons and they are so named because they do not code for any known amino acid. The termination codons are UAG, UAA and UGA.
