Answer:
A proton gradient is generated by the transport of protons into the thylakoid lumen.
Protons move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, the environment is made acidic inside the lumen i.e. H⁺ are pumped into thylakoid lumen from stroma as a result of which more H⁺ are present in the thylakoid lumen as compared to stroma. It happens during light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. The concentration of H⁺ is already higher in lumen and transfer of more and more H⁺ from stroma increases the concentration of H⁺ even more leading to generation of a potential gradient. These H⁺ subsequently tend to move freely from lumen to stroma via "reverse pumps known as ATP synthase". The reason why these are known as reverse pumps is because pumps usually move particles from lower to higher concentration which is an active movement i.e. not natural so such movement requires energy. Naturally particles move from higher to lower concentration gradient until the concentration becomes equal on both the sides but pumps act opposite of this natural process and move particles from lower to higher concentration and utilize energy to do it. But here H⁺ are moving from higher to lower concentration which occurs naturally so ATP synthase rather than using energy tend to generate energy and this free energy is used to generate ATP from ADP & Pi (inorganic phosphate).
Answer:
Personality.
Explanation:
The mental disorders affects the thinking ability of the individual. The mental disorder individual shows abnormal behavior in the society and might feel anxiety or feel awkward among the people.
The personality disorder is a type of the mental disorder in which the individual have unhealthy thinking level. This disorder affects the social status and his personality in the society. The occupational functioning become improper and requires the proper medical treatment.
Thus, the answer is personality.
Answer:
When light energy is absorbed by a chlorophyll molecule its electrons gain energy and move to higher energy levels in the molecule
It is true they do have internal fertilization. This is also one of the reason why it is easy to differentiate between a male or a female shark on birth due ot internal fertilization. <span />
The answer would be: Increased intracranial pressure caused by blood pooling in the head
A tumour will also apply pressure to the surrounding when growing. <span>It can also obstruct the nearby blood vessels, cause the blood or cerebral fluid to be trapped. The trapped fluid will increase the intra cranial pressure because the skull is a closed space organ. </span>
