The last president before Nelson Mandela's election and was the one to officially end apartheid was c) F.W. de Klerk. They worked together to end apartheid. F. W. de Klerk was leader of the National Party of South Africa and was the last White president of an African country. Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid leader and philanthropist who became South Africa's first black president. He served twenty-seven years in prison because he opposed the government.
The answer is d<span>iffusion of responsibility. It is described as a sociopsychological situation that can be expressed in different ways. In this case, it is all about a person's belief that there are other people who are responsible for dealing with this kind of situation. They might also think that they don't have the capacity or they don't have enough confidence to deal with this. </span>