Answer:
the genotype of the parent guinea pigs are as follows:
RrBb (rough, black) and Rrbb (rough, white)
Explanation:
Since the phenotype of smooth coat is present in the offspring, the parent genotype cannot have RR alleles for their coat. Similarly, the rough, black parent cannot have BB alleles in its genotype because that will not yield a white coat color in its offspring.
After making the dihybdrid cross, the probability obtained for each phenotype is given below:
rough black: 
rough white:
smooth black: 
smooth white:
Hope that answers the question, have a great day!
Answer:
A releaser is a stimulus from one animal to another, which causes a particular response.
Explanation:
google
Answer:
Helper T cells stimulate B-cells to produce antibodies and killer T cells to destroy the non-self cells. Cytotoxic T cells on the other hand are direct attack cells. They can kill the micro organisms by creating pores on the invader's cell.
Explanation:
T lymphocyte mediated immunity of cell mediated immunity do not secrete antibodies but they help stimulate the B cells to produce them. Immature T cells are produced in bone marrow from where they migrate to thymus via blood. In the thymus maturation of T cells occur and then they migrate to lymphoid tissue and get differentiated into three types:
a. Helper T cells: As the name suggests, they help in activating other immune cells, in other terms they are the regulator of virtually all functions of immune system. Protein mediator called lymphokines are produced by these helper T cells in order to regulate the immune functions. Some examples of these lymphokines are: Interleukin-2 interleukin-3, interferon gamma. T helper cells stimulate the B-cells to produce antibodies.
b. Cytotoxic cells or killer T cells: The lymphokine interleukin-2 is responsible for the growth and proliferation of both cytotoxic T cells and suppressor T cells. With the help of receptor proteins on the surface of killer T cells, they bind to the specific antigen. After binding, they secrete a pore forming protein called perforins which create pores on the invaders cell membrane for water to enter into it thereby cell swells and finally lyse.
c. Suppressor T cells: They suppress the function of above two T cells.
Answer & explanation:
Primary succession occurs in environments that did not have biological communities in place and present unfavorable conditions for the establishment of life. Examples of these sites are rocks, dunes and newly solidified lava pits.
The pioneer organisms in primary succession are mainly producers and some decomposers.
In <u>dune</u> <u>environments</u>, for example, there are grasses, whose seeds are wind-borne and able to withstand excessive heat, water scarcity and unstable soil, and their roots are firm, preventing these plants from being harmed by the wind.
Sites with <u>rocky</u> <u>surfaces</u> can be colonized by photosynthetic bacteria, fungi or some species of algae. These organisms release substances that alter the substrate, allowing the installation of new species over time.
Answer:105 N
Explanation: add all the values together
