Answer:
Option 4. Political parties.
Explanation:
The presidential primaries (where the first candidates are elected) are a vital part of the US electoral process. And since nothing about them is laid on the constitution, it's up to the state governments to regulate them.
It's in this phase, where the political parties promote their candidates for the final elections, where only 2 candidates can participate.
The skepticism about the empire of Ghana and the accounts for it is nothing weird because the majority of what is written about it is from two people from the same place, that had totally different views and interpretations on the things, and came from different culture.
Very often in the historical text, the people that wrote something have been very subjective, not objective. Thus the writings of these two Arab geographers can be very misleading, as they described what they saw with their own eyes, but also with using their own perception. That has proven numerous times to give very inaccurate depictions of a society and culture, like the depictions of the Romans for the Celts, or of the Greeks for the Scythian female warriors that they named Amazons.
There's only one point of view unfortunately, and it is always much more reliable when multiple writings are available from people from multiple different backgrounds, or the best scenario if it is writings from the people in question.
The "time bombs" being experienced
were the risk of chaos as there was no central power with the federal
government and states could have broken to their own. Because of the
decentralization of power it was very difficult to collect taxes
and keep the government going smoothly, the trade was difficult between various
states and all of these were real threats at that time.
Answer: silk road
Explanation: The silk road was very helpful because that was where they got all their resources from
