Explanation:
In a covalent bond, there is sharing of the donated electron by two atomic species having very small electronegative differences between them.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons by a specie and it usually lead to an increase in oxidation number.
Reduction is the gain of electrons by a specie. It leads to a lower oxidation number.
Since there is no actual loss of gain of electrons in a covalent body, the electronegativiy is at work.
Electronegativity is the ability of a specie to draw the shared electrons more to itself in a covalent bond.
- Between two atoms bonded covalently, the more electronegative specie draws the electrons closer.
- This leaves a partial negative charge on it.
- The other electron then becomes partially positively charged.
- We can then say, the more electronegative specie undergoes reduction.
- The less electronegative one undergoes oxidation.
learn more:
Covalent bond brainly.com/question/3064597
Oxidation and reduction brainly.com/question/2278247
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During the carbon cycle, animals and plants add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere through cellular respiration, and plants remove carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. The burning of fossil fuels releases more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
Answer:
Microtubules have shapes like a spindle and are arranged to form centrosome and a cluster of such microtubules form centriole.
Explanation:
Microtubules are seen in eukaryotic cells to give shape and structure to the cells and they form part of the cytoskeleton. They are known to grow long and are dynamic. Centrosomes are known to be main microtubule that are found in animal cells. They are organelles that are made from the arrangement of clusters of microtubules. The centrioles are organized microtubules that actually help to serve as skeletal system of the cell. These centrioles help to determine the locations of the nucleus.
Image result for Compare and contrast intracellular vs. intercellular communication
The key difference between intracellular and intercellular signaling is that intracellular signaling is the communication within the cell while intercellular signaling is the communication between cells. ... Also, within the cell, communication occurs between organelles and nucleus to carry out cellular functions.
