A genetically diverse population is more likely to survive a change to the environment because genetically diverse organisms have a broad variety of traits. The more traits they have, the more likely it is those traits can be utilized in the new environment. If all the organisms had the same genes, then it is less likely for them to survive a change in the environment because if they all have poor genes that cannot be utilized in the new environment, they will all die.
Benign because benign means the tumor is harmless
This patient is with advanced kidney failure, meaning that it's in the worst stage possible of kidney failure, the stage 5.
At this point, the glomerular filtration rate it's 15 ml/min or less and the kidneys have lost nearly all their ability to do their job.
So, the standard treatment is dialysis or a kidney transplant, to substitute the organ's function.
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-The number of B cells producing the antibody is proportional to the concentration of that antibody.
-On day 16, one out of 100000 B cells are specific for antigen A
\frac{1}{100000} = 1 x 10⁻⁵ B cells
- on day 16, Antibody concentration is 2 × 10¹= 20 Antibodies
- on day 36, antibody concentration 8 × 10³.= 8000
20 antibodies ------------ 1 x 10⁻⁵ B cells
8000 antibodies--------------x
x= (8000 x 1 x 10⁻⁵)/ 20
x= 4x10⁻³ or 1 in 250 are <span>B cells specific for antigen A</span>