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2 years ago

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in a recent semester at a local university 520 students enrolled in both general chemistry and calculus 1. Of these students 88

received an A in general chemistry 76 received an A in calculus, and 31 received an A in both general chemistry and calculus. Find the probability that a randomly chosen student received an A in general chemistry or calculus or both?

1 answer:

IceJOKER [234]2 years ago

6 0

Let Ch and C denote the events of a student receiving an A in <u>ch</u>emistry or <u>c</u>alculus, respectively. We're given that

P(Ch) = 88/520

P(C) = 76/520

P(Ch and C) = 31/520

and we want to find P(Ch or C).

Using the inclusion/exclusion principle, we have

P(Ch or C) = P(Ch) + P(C) - P(Ch and C)

P(Ch or C) = 88/520 + 76/520 - 31/520

P(Ch or C) = 133/520

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a) 0.3408 = 34.08% probability that at least one accident will occur on a blizzard day on a 25 mile long stretch of highway.

b) 0.0879 = 8.79% probability that two out of these six blizzard days have no accident on a 25 mile long stretch of highway.

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Step-by-step explanation:

We have the mean for a distance, which means that the Poisson distribution is used to solve this question. For item b, the binomial distribution is used, as for each blizzard day, the probability of an accident will be the same.

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In a Poisson distribution, the probability that X represents the number of successes of a random variable is given by the following formula:

$P(X = x) = \frac{e^{-\mu}*\mu^{x}}{(x)!}$

In which

x is the number of sucesses

e = 2.71828 is the Euler number

$\mu$ is the mean in the given interval.

Binomial probability distribution

The binomial probability is the probability of exactly x successes on n repeated trials, and X can only have two outcomes.

$P(X = x) = C_{n,x}.p^{x}.(1-p)^{n-x}$

In which $C_{n,x}$ is the number of different combinations of x objects from a set of n elements, given by the following formula.

$C_{n,x} = \frac{n!}{x!(n-x)!}$

And p is the probability of X happening.

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This means that $\mu = \frac{n}{60}$ , in which 60 is the number of miles.

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$n = 25$ , and thus, $\mu = \frac{25}{60} = 0.4167$

This probability is:

$P(X \geq 1) = 1 - P(X = 0)$

In which

$P(X = x) = \frac{e^{-\mu}*\mu^{x}}{(x)!}$

$P(X = 0) = \frac{e^{-0.4167}*(0.4167)^{0}}{(0)!} = 0.6592$

$P(X \geq 1) = 1 - P(X = 0) = 1 - 0.6592 = 0.3408$

0.3408 = 34.08% probability that at least one accident will occur on a blizzard day on a 25 mile long stretch of highway.

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Binomial distribution.

6 blizzard days means that $n = 6$

Each of these days, 0.6592 probability of no accident on this stretch, which means that $p = 0.6592$ .

This probability is P(X = 2). So

$P(X = x) = C_{n,x}.p^{x}.(1-p)^{n-x}$

$P(X = 2) = C_{6,2}.(0.6592)^{2}.(0.3408)^{4} = 0.0879$

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$\mu = 0.01(80) = 0.8$

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$P(X = 0) = \frac{e^{-0.8}*(0.8)^{0}}{(0)!} = 0.4493$

0.4493 = 44.93% probability of no damaging accidents requiring a insurance claims on an 80 mile stretch of highway.

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