<span>I did some investigation and summarized the process and made a clearer explanation so those who are confused can imagine the process better :) A scientific theory attempts to explain and describe why things happen. Hypotheses are formed and experiments are done to validate or toss the hypothesis based on the data collected. The Atomic Theory has gone through lots of refining as a scientific theory. For instance, William Crookes conduced an experiment with cathode ray tubes powered by electricity that glowed when powered. Crookes placed an object in between the positive and negative electrode and concluded that the shadow made on the positive side was small particles of matter traveling from the negative side. But more evidence was needed so, later on, J.J. Thomson continued Crookes experiment. He tested what would happen if a negative or positive charged rod was placed along the ray tubes and if it would differ if a different element was used as the negative electrode. Thomson found out that the beam had negatively charged particles and that even if the negative electrode is substituted, the glow is still present, meaning that all elements also had the small negative particles. These particles(now known as electrons) were smaller than the atom and were added to the model of the atom dispersed throughout the neutrally charged atom inside its positive sphere. Now came along Rutherford hoping to support Thomsons model by firing positively charged particles at a thin gold foil thinking it would go straight through the foil, but instead it evenly distributed as they went through the foil, concluding that atoms have a small, dense nucleus(containing positive protons and most of the mass of the atom) that deflected the particles passing through. This was a drastic change in the model now knowing that 1 proton has 2000 times the mass of an electron, but its positive charge cancels the negative electron. After WW1, Chadwick and others were seeing that sometimes the mass of the atom was greater than the mass of the protons and the number of protons was less than the mass of the atom. So it was thought that there were extra electrons and protons adding mass in the nucleus but cancelling their charges, but Rutherford proposed a particle with mass but no charge and called it a neutron; made of paired protons and electrons. But scientists kept studying atoms since there was no evidence of the neutron. Chadwick repeated these experiments though, in hopes to find the neutron and succeeded in 1932, finding it in the nucleus with a close mass to the proton. Thanks to these experiments for refining a scientific theory, we now have a clearer model of the atom.</span>
The color it produces is Bright green.
Given what we know, we can confirm that in a voltaic cell, the anode loses electrons and is oxidized, meanwhile, the cathode is reduced by gaining electrons.
<h3 /><h3>What is a voltaic cell?</h3>
- It is described as an electrochemical cell.
- These cells use chemical reactions to produce electrical energy.
- During this reaction, an anode loses electrons, thus oxidizing.
- Meanwhile, the cathode gains electrons and is reduced.
Therefore, given the nature of the voltaic cell, we can confirm that during its reaction, the anode is oxidized by losing electrons while the cathode becomes reduced by gaining them.
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Answer:
The average atomic weight = 121.7598 amu
Explanation:
The average atomic weight of natural occurring antimony can be calculated as follows :
To calculate the average atomic mass the percentage abundance must be converted to decimal.
121 Sb has a percentage abundance of 57.21%, the decimal format will be
57.21/100 = 0.5721 . The value is the fractional abundance of 121 Sb .
123 Sb has a percentage abundance of 42.79%, the decimal format will be
42.79/100 = 0.4279. The value is the fractional abundance of 123 Sb .
Next step is multiplying the fractional abundance to it masses
121 Sb = 0.5721 × 120.904 = 69.169178400
123 Sb = 0.4279 × 122.904 = 52.590621600
The final step is adding the value to get the average atomic weight.
69.169178400 + 52.590621600 = 121.7598 amu
