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2 years ago

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In beans, the black color of the seeds (A) dominates over the white (a). When two bean plants were crossed with black seeds, pla

nts were obtained that formed only black seeds. Can the genotype-path of the parents be determined and why?

1 answer:

Savatey [412]2 years ago

8 0

Answer:

mark me brainleast then I will be

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4) A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality)

docker41 [41]

Answer and Explanation:

A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality).

The F1 females are testcrossed, producing these offspring: groucho 518 rough 471 groucho, rough 6 wild-type 5 1000 a) What is the linkage distance between the two genes? B) Plot the genes on a map c) If the genes were unlinked and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, what would be the offspring in the F2 generation?

1st cross:

Parental) grogro ro+ro+ x gro+gro+ roro

F1) gro+gro ro+ro

2nd cross:

Parental) gro+gro ro+ro x grogro roro

Gametes) gro+ro+ gro ro

gro+ro gro ro

gro ro+ gro ro

gro ro gro ro

Punnet square)

gro+ro+ gro+ro gro ro+ gro ro

gro ro gro+gro ro+ro gro+gro roro grogro ro+ro grogro roro

gro ro gro+gro ro+ro gro+gro roro grogro ro+ro grogro roro

gro ro gro+gro ro+ro gro+gro roro grogro ro+ro grogro roro

gro ro gro+gro ro+ro gro+gro roro grogro ro+ro grogro roro

F2)

0.518 grogro ro+ro (518 individuals)

0.471 gro+gro roro (471 individuals)

0.006 grogro roro (6 individuals)

0.005 gro+gro ro+ro (5 individuals)

Total number of individuals 1000

<u><em>Note</em></u>: These frequencies were calculated dividing the number of individuals belonging to each genotype by the total number of individuals in the F2.

To know if two genes are linked, we must observe the progeny distribution. <em>If individuals, whos </em><em>genes assort independently,</em><em> are test crossed, they produce a progeny with equal </em><em>phenotypic frequencies 1:1:1:1</em>. <em>If</em> we observe a <em>different distribution</em>, that is that <em>phenotypes appear in different proportions</em>, we can assume that<em> genes are linked in the double heterozygote parent</em>.

In the exposed example we might verify which are the recombinant gametes produced by the F1 di-hybrid, and we can recognize them by looking at the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny.

By performing this cross we know that the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny are groucho, rough and wild-type. So the recombinant gametes are <em>gro+ro+</em> and <em>gro ro</em>, while the parental gametes are <em>gro+ro</em> and <em>gro ro+.</em>

So, the genotype, in linked gene format, of the double heterozygote individual in the <u>F1</u> is gro+ro/gro ro+.

To calculate the recombination frequency we will make use of the next formula: P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals. The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).

The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which one of every 100 meiotic products results in a recombinant product.

The recombination frequency is:

P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals

P = 6 + 5 / 1000

P = 11 / 1000

P = 0.011

The <u>genetic distance between genes,</u> is 0.011 x 100= 1.1 MU.

<u>Genetic Linkage Map:</u>

Parental Phenotypes)

-----gro+------ro---- -----gro------ro+----

----- gro ------ro---- ---- gro------ ro ----

Recombinant phenotypes)

-----gro+------ro+---- -----gro------ro----

----- gro ------ ro---- -----gro------ro----

<u>If the genes were unlinked</u> and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, the offspring in the F2 generation would have been

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro ro+ro

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro roro

4/16 = 1/4 grogro ro+ro

4/16 = 1/4 grogro roro

Their phenotypic frequencies would be 1:1:1:1 related.

7 0

3 years ago

Match the following terms and definitions.

patriot [66]

<h2>(Answer 1 points 3)</h2><h2>A. Taxon</h2><h3>3. the categories used in classifying organisms.</h3><h2>Explanation:</h2>

In other words, we can also say that taxon is also known as a taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species, family, or class. It is a group of one or more than one different populations of an organism or the organisms viewed by taxonomists to make a system. These are the rules for naming new animals.

<h2>(Answer 2 points 3)</h2><h2>B. Taxonomy</h2><h3>1. the science of the classification of organisms.</h3><h2>Explanation:</h2>

A taxonomy is said to be a scheme of classification or in other words, we can also define the term taxonomy as the branch of science involved with classification, especially of organisms, systematics. Organisms are grouped together. This science of gives name, describe and classify the organisms including all the plants, animals and the microorganisms of the world.

<h2>(Answer 3 points 3)</h2><h2>C. Family</h2><h3>4. A taxonomic category containing a group of similar genera.</h3><h2>Explanation:</h2>

Family is the one that has been classified between order and genus. A family is also divided into the subfamilies. It is one of the eight main and important taxonomic levels. It is a primary taxonomic category of organisms ranking. This category comes on the sixth number of all the categories lies in a taxonomic group.

<h2>(Answer 4 points 3)</h2><h2>D. domain</h2><h3>2. The largest taxonomic category.</h3><h2>Explanation:</h2>

In the three-domain system of taxonomy, if we talk about the domain then we would define it as the superkingdom or empire. It can also be said to be as it is the highest taxonomic rank of organisms. It is a taxonomic category above the kingdom level. There are three domain such as Bacteria, Archean, and Eukarya, which we can say are the major categories of life.

4 0

3 years ago

The simplest structured unit of a compound is a(n):<br> electron<br> atom<br> proton<br> molecule

tiny-mole [99]

The answer is molecule

8 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

One day after an uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery, a 23-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 1, has the onset of loss of sm

ololo11 [35]

A hypotonic state of the bladder, or conduct and duration of labor and peripartum bladder management, and the use of epidural anesthesia may all contribute to overflow incontinence.

Overflow incontinence is characterized by uncontrolled, spontaneous passing of urine because of an overfull bladder.

8 0

3 years ago

Explain in detail how cotton plants can be genetically modified to produce the Bt poison.

zvonat [6]

Answer:

They're modified by adding genes that are encoded with toxin crystals.

Explanation:

More info:

1. The toxins are in the Cry group of endotoxins

2. It is activated by a high pH

3. It is used as a pesticide

8 0

3 years ago