It is known as stimulus or the plural form stimuli. It can be external or internal.
For a few hours, some satellites experienced electrical failure and at the same time, radio communications at high latitudes were also disrupted. Which is an astronomer most likely to predict was the cause coronal mass ejections.
<h3><u>
Explanation:</u></h3>
A process of a release of plasma with magnetic field from the cornea of sun refers to a coronal mass ejection (CME). These usually happen during the time of a solar prominence eruption. These will be following solar flares. IN the solar wind the plasma will be released and it will get observed by the images taken by coronagraph.
During this process solar particles will be sprayed out. These will be thrown into solar winds and will be very dangerous during the time they reach the earth. This will create an adverse effect and a serious disruption in the environment.
Answer:
Involuntary respiration is controlled by the respiratory centers of the upper brainstem (sometimes termed the lower brain, along with the cerebellum). This region of the brain controls many involuntary and metabolic functions besides the respiratory system, including certain aspects of cardiovascular function and involuntary muscle movements (in the cerebellum).
Explanation:
The respiratory centers contain chemoreceptors that detect pH levels in the blood and send signals to the respiratory centers of the brain to adjust the ventilation rate to change acidity by increasing or decreasing the removal of carbon dioxide (since carbon dioxide is linked to higher levels of hydrogen ions in blood).
Answer:
Having considered how an appropriate primary immune response is mounted to pathogens in both the peripheral lymphoid system and the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, we now turn to immunological memory, which is a feature of both compartments. Perhaps the most important consequence of an adaptive immune response is the establishment of a state of immunological memory. Immunological memory is the ability of the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively to pathogens that have been encountered previously, and reflects the preexistence of a clonally expanded population of antigen-specific lymphocytes. Memory responses, which are called secondary, tertiary, and so on, depending on the number of exposures to antigen, also differ qualitatively from primary responses. This is particularly clear in the case of the antibody response, where the characteristics of antibodies produced in secondary and subsequent responses are distinct from those produced in the primary response to the same antigen. Memory T-cell responses have been harder to study, but can also be distinguished from the responses of naive or effector T cells. The principal focus of this section will be the altered character of memory responses, although we will also discuss emerging explanations of how immunological memory persists after exposure to antigen. A long-standing debate about whether specific memory is maintained by distinct populations of long-lived memory cells that can persist without residual antigen, or by lymphocytes that are under perpetual stimulation by residual antigen, appears to have been settled in favor of the former hypothesis.
Answer:
Energy is contained within the pond ecosystem and is transferred within the system.
