The characteristics and social structure of Shang and Zhou government are Shang's yin and yang and ruling women, and Zhou's feudalism and creating currency.
President and vice president ran for office, while Jefferson had ran for president by the first political party, in which case Adams also did and won his case. This has changed over time because we gained a first African American president, our evolution will continue to change
He is referring to the policies of colonialism that were widespread. He was British and visited many of the British colonies, but spent a lot of his time in India. These were all lands that Britain had previously colonized and he is referring to the colonization that was predominantly done by white people from Europe.
They would blame them because they wouldn't be free. The colonies were getting "bettered" because they got technology and similar things, but they were blamed because the colonists didn't have independence and freedom and were stripped of their resources and natural wealth which was common at the time.
Factions are commonly developed due to the unequal dissemination
of assets; it is a situation that the republic will defend their own people.
Factions could be regulate by the contemporary legislative branch by making a
republic, in order to make a verdict for their country.