1) The charge left on the fur is equal and opposite to the charge transferred to the rod:

In fact, when the rod is rubbed with the fur, a net charge of

has been transferred to the rod, leaving it negatively charged. If we assume the fur was initially neutral, this means that we have now an excess of positive charges on the fur, and the amount of this charge must be equal (in magnitude, but with opposite sign) to the charge transferred to the rod.
2) The mass transferred to the rod is equal to the total mass of the electrons transferred to the rod.
The charge transferred to the rod is

The charge of 1 electron is

So the number of electrons transferred is

The mass of 1 electron is

, therefore the total mass transferred to the rod is
Answer:

Explanation:
Since the wire is infinitely long, we will use Gauss' Law:

We will draw an imaginary cylindrical surface with height h around the wire. The electric flux through the imaginary surface will be equal to the net charge inside the surface.
In that case, the net charge inside the imaginary surface will be the portion of wire with height h. Then the charge of that portion will be equal to

The left-hand side of the Gauss' Law is the flux through the imaginary surface. Since we choose our surface as a cylinder, of which we know the area, we do not have to take the surface integral.

where R is the radius of the imaginary cylinder.
Finally, Gauss' Law gives

The vector expression is

As you can see, the electric field is independent from the height h, since that is merely an imaginary cylinder to apply Gauss' Law. In the end, what matters is the charge density of the wire and the distance from the wire.
Technically, both B and D are correct when transmitted through solids, but your answer (and the answer I got from taking the test) will be
D) Longitudinal
Hope this helps!