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Answer: An increase in government spending
Explanation:
Currency appreciation is an increase in the worth of one currency against the value of another currency. Due to the appreciation of a currency, imports get cheaper.
In a small open economy, the appreciation of the real exchange rate can be caused by an increase in government spending as this puts pressure on domestic currency to appreciate, which leads to current account deterioration.
Answer:
B. contractionary fiscal policy
Explanation:
The government influences economic direction through fiscal policy measures of increasing or decreasing its expenditure and taxation. Therefore, fiscal policies involve the government's actions of adjusting its spending and taxation to achieve desired economic objectives.
Fiscal policies can either be contractionary or expansionary. Contractionary measures are applied to control rising inflation and moderate the rate of growth. These policies aim at reducing liquidity in the market, thereby achieving stable prices. A reduction in government spending and an increase in taxation reduces liquidity or money circulation.
Answer:
Bethesda Biosys
Issue of an IPO:
Net proceeds for the issuer is $82 million, if all the 4 million shares are bought by investors.
Explanation:
a) Calculations:
The spread is $4.5 (18% of $25) per share, since average selling price is $25.
Therefore, the net proceed per share is $20.50 ($25 - 4.50).
And the Total Net Proceeds = $82 million ($20.50 * 4 million), assuming that all four million shares were bought by the public.
Note that the question did not provide the necessary information to make the final decision.
b) During the issue of securities, especially an IPO, underwriters, such as investment banks, pay an issuing company for the securities and then sell the securities to the public. There is always a difference per share price that they are willing to pay the issuer and what they will collect from the investing public. That difference is called the underwriting spread or simply the spread.
c) Best-Efforts Basis: According to investopedia.com, underwriting on best-effort basis is "an agreement between an underwriter and an issuer in which the underwriter agrees to place as much of an offering with investors as possible, but is not responsible for any portion of the offering it fails to sell."
Control is the right answer to keep things on track
