Answer:
The correct answer is a. absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury.
Explanation:
Spinal shock strictly refers to the neurological condition that occurs immediately after a spinal cord injury, in which the loss of not only motor and sensory functions occurs, but also the abolition of all reflexes below the injury (reflexes of muscular or myotatic stretching and cutaneous reflexes). There is also flaccidity, loss of reflexes. It is characterized by hypotension associated with cervical or upper thoracic spinal injuries. This characteristic shock results from the lesion of the descending sympathetic pathway in the spinal cord, producing a loss of vasomotor tone and sympathetic innervation of the heart. This causes vasodilation of the affected area with accumulation of blood and a decrease in venous return to the heart as well as cardiac output.
A virus, because it has a non-cellular structure.
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time. The term "natural selection" was popularised by Charles Darwin who compared it with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.
The correct answer is - physically dettering herbivory, protection from frost, and minimizing evaporation.
The plants have developed multiple traits that help them in multiple different circumstances, and some of those traits are the thorns and the hairs on their steams and leaves.
The thorns primarily serve for protection of the plant. They are very sharp and give a painful sting (occasionally poisonous one), so they are a physical protection from the herbivores that would try to eat parts of the plants.
The hairs have multiple functions. They are like a coat that helps the plant to not be affected by frost, help to stop the evaporation, and also partially manage to stop most of the insects that feed on plants.
