Option b is correct..
Caves are formed by the dissolution of limestone. Rainwater picks up carbon dioxide from the air and as it percolates through the soil, which turns into a weak acid. This slowly dissolves out the limestone along the joints, bedding planes and fractures, some of which become enlarged enough to form caves.
The experts calculate that between 0.01 and 0.1% of all species will become extinct each year. If the low estimate of the number of species out there is true - i.e. that there are around 2 million different species on our planet - then that means between 200 and 2,000 extinctions occur every year.
What is extinction?
- Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species.
- The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.
- More than 99% of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to have died out.
- It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryote globally, and possibly many times more if microorganisms, like bacteria, are included. Notable extinct animal species include non-avian dinosaurs, saber-toothed cats, dodos, mammoths, ground sloths, thylacines, trilobites and golden toads.
- Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition.
- The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established.
- A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with little to no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years.
To learn more about extinction: brainly.com/question/14482178
#SPJ4
Prokaryotes are cells and eukaryotes are organisms
Answer:
I think it is...
A. Most people are not directly impacted by polluting a common.
Hopefully, this helps you!!
The environmental effects of an individual or group in terms of resources used and waste produced is an individual or group's ecological footprint (option A).
<h3>What is ecological footprint?</h3>
Ecological footprint is the measure of how much biologically productive land and water area an individual, population or activity requires to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it generates using prevailing technology and resource management practices.
Living organisms make use of resources in the environment and these can either leave negative or positive effect on the environment that will affect sustainability.
Therefore, it can be said that the environmental effects of an individual or group in terms of resources used and waste produced is an individual or group's ecological footprint.
Learn more about ecological footprint at:brainly.com/question/14441911
#SPJ1
