The body's nonspecific defiance against invading pathogens is known as innate immunity and includes the following:
mechanical barriers and surface secretions
1. The intact skin and mucous membranes of the body. These provide a high degree of protection against pathogens.
2. The sebaceous secretions and sweat of the skin contain bactericidal and fungicidal fatty acids that can kill bacteria and fungi.
3. Normal bacterial flora of the skin may produce various antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocines and acids.
Humoral defence mechanisms
1. Lysozyme. This is an enzyme found in most tissue fluids apart from cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and sweat. It can kill bacteria.
2. Interferon. Inhibits viruses from replicating
3. Complement. This is a heat labile serum that can destroy gram-negative bacteria.
Answer:
a prezygotic barrier
Explanation:
Both wild tigers and lions are said to be reproductively isolated.
Reproductive isolation is defined as the existence of barrier between organisms of different species such that they cannot reproduce.
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation varies. While some act to prevent the formation of zygotes (in case of mating) between organisms of different species, some ensures that the resulting zygotes are invalid.
Reproductive isolation mechanisms that act to prevent fertilization and formation of zygotes are referred to as prezygotic mechanisms while those that ensure that invalid zygotes result (in case of successful fertilization) are referred to post zygotic mechanisms.
<em>The natural differences in the ranges of wild tigers and lions ensure that both animals do not mate with each other, let alone results in zygote. This is a form of pre-zygotic reproductive isolation mechanism.</em>
Answer
Hydrogen ion movement form ATP in ATP synthase .
Explanation:
ATP synthase is present in mitochondrial membrane when pass hydrogen ion in to lumen of mitochondria and due to proton gradient generate ATP molecule with pass of hydrogen ion into lumen ATP is formed from ADP and inorganic phosphorous molecule . Passing of three hydrogen io generate one ATP molecule .So movement of hydrogen ion is directly related to ATP synthases.
Answer:
It can clog water intakes, use up dissolved oxygen as they decompose, and block light to deeper waters.
Explanation:
This causes overstimulation in growth of aquatic plants and algae.
The process responsible for this is mass movement.
