Released energy can be lost to the environment in heat form.
I believe the substrate for lactic acid formation would be A. Glucose
Answer:
Fewer Offspring than the environment can support
Explanation:
It takes time for a creature to adapt to its Environment. So that puts off 2.
Your guaranteed to get traits from your parents so that rules out #1
There isn't really an equal probability of survival for an offspring, ruling out #3.
So that leaves us with 4. I'm not biology expert, I'm just letting you know how I did this problem. Just in case i'm wrong, I would double check with other answers :)
