Question 1

Biology

1 answer:

Kruka [31]2 years ago

8 0

1) Mitochondrial cristae increases the surface area for more ATPase enzymes to increase energy production.

2) Mitochondria are more similar to prokaryotic cells.

3) Eukaryotic cells are more complex.

Mitochondria are the cellular organelles in eukaryotic cells that generate energy needed to carry out the cell's biochemical reactions through a process called cellular respiration. The main substrate used to carry out cellular respiration is glucose, a carbohydrate. The energy generated is stored in a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

The mitochondrion has an outer membrane that is permeable to ions, metabolites and polypeptides. It also has its own genetic material, which differs from the genetic material of the nucleus and is independent of it. The enzyme ATP synthase is a transmembrane enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP, a phosphate group and energy supplied by a flow of protons (H+). The proton flux occurs between the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix. This occurs during cellular respiration, and this particular process is called oxidative phosphorylation.

1) The mitochondrial cristae are the folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. They contain several embedded proteins, including ATP synthase, used to produce energy. This arrangement generates a larger surface area available for chemical reactions to take place within the mitochondrion and therefore ensures good performance during cellular respiration. As electrons move along the electron transport chain in the inner membrane, energy is released which is used to pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space creating an electrochemical gradient. This gradient creates a potential energy called proton motive force in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The result is that chemiosmosis occurs, generating ATP from ADP when ATP synthase takes up the potential energy of the concentration gradient formed by the H+ ions. So, if the inner membrane were simple, smooth and unfolded, there would not be so much space to locate the ATP synthase enzymes and generate so much energy. Consider that mitochondria are found in eukaryotic cells, which are complex and have a high energy requirement. With a folded inner membrane, more room is ensured for more enzymes to produce all the energy needed.

2) Mitochondria are very similar to prokaryotes because:

Contain closed circular double-stranded DNA
They have 70S ribosomes (eukaryotic cells have 80S ribosomes)
They are similar in size
They divide by binary fission.

It is believed that the ancestor of mitochondria was a bacterium (prokaryote) that was ingested by another single-celled organism. The bacterium provided an advantage to its host because these primitive mitochondria supplied it with hydrogen to produce energy. It is also believed that when atmospheric oxygen increased at that time, the anaerobic cells used the bacteria to eliminate the gas, which was toxic to them.

3) Eukaryotic cells have a much more complex organizational model than prokaryotic cells. Their size is much larger and the cytoplasm has a set of cellular structures that fulfill various functions (organelles). The main distinction between these two types of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. Another important difference is the structure of the DNA. Eukaryotic DNA consists of multiple, linear, double-stranded DNA molecules with proteins called histones, whereas that of prokaryotes is double-stranded and circular.

So, mitochondria are the organelles in eukaryotic cells that generate energy needed through a process called cellular respiration. The mitochondrial cristae are the folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. They contain several embedded proteins, including ATP synthase, used to produce energy. This arrangement generates a larger surface area available for chemical reactions to take place within the mitochondrion and therefore ensures good performance during cellular respiration. if the inner membrane were simple, smooth and unfolded, there would not be so much space to locate the ATP synthase enzymes and generate so much energy.

Mitochondria are very similar to prokaryotes because they are similar in size, contain similar type of DNA and ribosomes and divide by binary fission. On the other hand, eukaryotic cells have a much more complex organizational model than prokaryotic cells because rheir size is much larger and in the cytoplasm has different types of organelles including membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus and a mitochondrion.

Learn more about mitochondria here: brainly.com/question/18599093

You might be interested in

After a successful launch and return of a rocket, NASA and SpaceX noticed a strange gel like substance on the wing. Under the mi

wariber [46]

nonliving the heat from the hot plate is causing the gel like substance to move it's the same thing with liquid nitrogen how it seems to bounce off the floor it's because liquid nitrogen is super cold and the heat basically excites the electrons in the liquid nitrogen making it bounce off the floor same with the gel like substance the electrons in the gel substance are getting excited by the heat and jumping up and down but the substance itself is not alive

6 0

3 years ago

As electrons are passed through the electron transport chain associated with photosynthesis, they lose energy. what happens to t

harkovskaia [24]

C. it establish and maintain a proton gradient

3 0

3 years ago

How do the structures of the alveoli and capillaries support the function of gas exchange?

NISA [10]

I think c is the correct answer

7 0

3 years ago

The heart is an example of several similar tissues working together to do a specific job for an organism, which level of organiz

scoundrel [369]

The answer would be C, and organ.

3 0

3 years ago

While caring for a patient undergoing suctioning, the nurse guides the catheter along the naris floor to avoid the turbinates. w

BARSIC [14]

There are choices for this question namely:

1 Pulse oximetry of 90%
2 Body temperature of 99° F
3 Heart rate of 40 bpm
4 Respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute

The correct answer is "heart rate of 40 bpm". A heart rate of 40 bpm is classified as bradycardia. Bradycardia is defined as a slow heart rate below 60 bpm. A heart rate below 50 bpm is more than alarming to the health practitioner and suctioning should be stopped to give way for immediate intervention. A oxygen saturation of 90%, while below normal range of 95%-100%, is still considered safe. A body temperature of 99 degrees F and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute is considered normal.

7 0

3 years ago