The one that was considered the power behind the throne of nicholas II was: Rasputin
Even though Technically Rasputin does not have any position within the government, King Nicholas trusted him enough to ask his opinion regarding the legislation that he would make.
The best answer is B) It attempted to stop some of the worst abuses of the Catholic Church.
Although the Catholic Church did denounce Protestant movements, such as the Calvinists, as non-Christian, they also tried to implement many reforms in order to limit corruption and other factors that had created a divide between the church and the people. This mainly took place at the Council of Trent.
A monarchy is a government ruled by a monarch, or a king or queen.